13^th European Pathology Congress August 02-03, 2017 Milan, Italy

Biography:

Rebecca Baergen has expertise in perinatal and placental pathology with a concentration on how placental pathology can explain adverse outcome, mechanisms of injury and diagnose underlying maternal and fetal disease. She has built her practice and consultation service after years of experience in clinical evaluation of placental specimens, research, and teaching of medical students, resident physicians and pathologists. She has also experience in many extramural courses of perinatal pathology hosted by many education organizations throughout the world.

Abstract:

Background: Preeclampsia (PEC), systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), and antiphospholipid antibody syndrome (aPLA) are associated with adverse maternal and fetal outcomes but the pathogenic mechanisms have not been well studied. Methodology: We investigated the expression of complement activation products and inflammatory biomarkers in these patient groups. We compared each group with control patients who had an unremarkable clinical history and no pathologic placental findings. Immunohistochemistry for C3b, C4d, Annexin A5 (A5), and C5b-9 was performed;  staining was graded on intensity (0, 1+, 2+, 3+) and distribution (absent, patchy, diffuse).  70% of PEC patients, 50% of SLE patients and 20% of aPLA patients showed at least weak, focal staining for C4d, while controls were negative. A5 staining showed focal loss in all disease groups, while controls did not. C3b staining showed more frequent strong staining in disease groups than controls. C5b-9 staining was localized to areas of fibrin deposition or infarction in all groups. Conclusion and Significance: Previously, aPLA-associated pregnancy complications have been thought to be a consequence of a unique aPLA pathogenic mechanism. However, the similarity of the IHC findings in aPLA placentas to those from SLE and PE patients - i.e. increased complement deposition and loss of A5 expression - suggests that aPLA-associated pregnancy complications may reflect a more general autoimmune mechanism, such as localized deposition of immune complexes and that this mechanism may be operating in other disease conditions associated with poor maternal and fetal outcome.

Biography:

Dr. Mitrasadat Rezaei worked as Assistant  professor of pathology at Flowcytometry  department, High Institute for research and education in blood transfusion medicine, Tehran, Islamic Republic of Iran from 2011-2014. Currently she is working as Assistant professor of pathology at pathology  department, National Research Institute of Tuberculosis and lung disease, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Science,Tehran,Iran, from 2014 and she is the  Director of Molecular pathology Laboratory , Masih Daneshvari Hospital from 2014 and she is the Head of cental lab in school of medicine, Shahid beheshti University of Medical Science, Tehran, Iran from 2016.

Abstract:

Necrotizing SarcoidGranulomatosis(NSG) is a rare granulomatous pneumonitis which is composed of  background of sarcoidosis-like granulomas with granulomatous vasculitis and variable amount of necrosis .We reported  a case of  38-year-old non-smoking woman presented by left-sided chest pain and dyspnea for three days.Chest CT scan exhibitedcollapse consolidation of left lower lobe with presence of  two septated small sized cystic lesions within collapsed segment.Video-Assisted Thoracic surgery (VATS) was performed and histologicalexamination confirmed the diagnosis by excluding other causes of granulomatousdisease.The prognosis of NSG is favorable and medical treatment is usually not necessary,as well as our case.

NSG is a rare disease  with nonspecific symptoms and good prognosis which frequently confused with Wegener’s granulomatosis,sarcoidosis and churgstrauss.this entity should also be considered as differential diagnosis of necrotizing granulomatous diseases.

Biography:

Dr. Hira Kareem has completed her post graduation from University of  Health Sciences Lahore at the age of 28 years.currently serving as a demonstrator in Services Institute of Medical Sciences Lahore.She has published two medical papers on reputed journels.

Abstract:

To evaluate the effects of copper preparations of Kushta on renal parameters. This study was conducted from 14^th of may 2013 to 30^th of November 2013 in Pathology Department of University of Health Sciences Lahore and it was an experimental study.

Method:Thirty albino rats were selected and divided into three groups. The control group  A was fed on standard pellet rodent diet and tap water. The experimental group B was fed single dose of copper preparation of Kushta(0.15mg/kg of body weight) for 18 weeks while experimental group C was fed double dose of copper preparation of Kushta(0.30mg/kg of body weight) for 18 weeks.Renal parameters were calculated once at the start of experiment and then after every 6 weeks upto 18 weeks.

Results: Results showed that renal parameters in terms of serum creatinine level and proteinuria were deranged evident on biochemical analysis. When the control group A on normal diet was compared with the experimental group B and Statistically significant difference (p<0.05) was noticed in terms of renal parameters.

Conclusion: It is therefore concluded that copper preparations of Kushta deranged renal parameters in terms of serum creatinine levels and proteinuria

Biography:

Abstract:

The severity of pathological protein deposition, and concomitant iron presence distinguishes neurological disorders. Tissues with high amounts of protein or iron deposits have a characteristically rapid T2* MRI signal decay. Therefore, these tissue components do not appear on traditional MRI, as the NMR signal has already gone through multiple time constants of decay before any signal can be acquired. Ultra-short Echo Time (UTE) imaging, however, significantly reduces the time between the appearance of an NMR signal and its sampling, allowing for the measurement of iron-related pathology. We used a novel UTE sequence with a 3D cones k-space trajectory in a 3T Siemens scanner to image short T2* tissues in the amygdala and hippocampus in ex vivo, 20 mm thick coronal human brain slabs, each with known Alzheimer’s disease (AD) Braak VI taopathy or with cerebrovascular disease (CVD). We quantified the MR signal from tissues with T2* values of less than 1 ms at TEs of 0.25, 0.5,   0.8,

1.0, 2.0, 3.0, and 5.0 ms and TR of 12.1 ms (1 mm iso, FA=15 deg, FOV=15 cm2). Difference

images were then formed by subtracting the TE=5 ms images from the images acquired at the other TEs, effectively suppressing longer T2* tissues. T2* value in the AD amygdala and hippocampus as 4.8+/-1.9 ms (mean+/-SD), and T2* values in anatomically matching regions of the CVD brain was 2.2+/-1.1 ms. We analyzed tissue sections in these regions for the presence Abeta-42, tau, and CD-68 immunohistochemical reactivity, and enhanced Perl’s staining. We noted that the T2* signal decreased with the additive presence of amyloid plaques, tau tangles, non-heme iron, and activated microglia. UTE imaging may be a feasible method to visualize iron-related protein pathology. Future work will further examine the individual contributions of pathological proteins, non-heme iron, and inflammation to the T2* decay.

Biography:

Dr Sunita Ahlawat has completed her MD in Pathology from the All India Institute of Medical Sciences, New Delhi, 30 years ago, since then has published 50 papers in reputed national and international journal with three chapters in books. Her interest is oncopathology  and specially neuropathology She is at present the principal consultant in histopathology at the SRL- Fortis Memorial Research Institute.

Abstract:

SRL -FMRI in last 4 yrs and 4 months a total of 1953 central nervous system tumours were reported out of which 44 cases were suspected for primary central nervous system lymphoma (PCNSL) , 39/44 could be confirmed on histopathology, 5 cases could not be confirmed due to steroid therapy given before the biopsy.

We are presenting data on 39 cases  which make approximately 2 % of 1953 cases of CNS tumours. The clinical presentation, radiological features, immune status and status of international extra nodal lymphoma study group (IELSG) prognostic variables is assessed.

Subtyping of lymphomas with the immunoprofile, BCL6 and BCL2 expressio At n along with Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) status by immunohistochemistry and by FISH (EBER-1) will be presented along with clinical follow up and outcome.

Biography:

John Zhong obtained his B.S. degree of Molecular Biology from California State University, San Jose and purse his Ph.D. at University of Soputhern California. His study is focus on cancer biology, specifcally molecular fundation of carcinogenesis.

Abstract:

Molecular analysis has tranformed pathology from the morphological age into the molecular era. This transission is similar to the transisson from analog to digital TV. With molecular profiling, pathology is more precise and quantitative. However, tumor heterogeneity remains a major hurdle for obtaining the molecular profile of cancer. In this study, we apply single-cell technology to overcome this hurdle and obtain a molecular profile of a tumor stem cell from a glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) patient. We obtain the initial diagnostic biopsy from a male patient and a relapse biopsy from the same patient. We first enriched tumor stem cells by organ slide culture with the diagnosis biopsy, then perform single-cell RNA-seq on the cultured cells (enriched for tumor stem cells). Because the relapse tumor is generated from the tumor stem cells which is rare in the initial (diagnosis) tumor, but becomes majority in relapse. Therefore, single-cells carrying mutations detected in the relapse biopsy but not in the diagnosis biopsy (too rare to be detected) are the tumor initiation cells (tumor stem cells). With this approch we reveal a novel molecule patyway in the GBM involveing multiple memeber of the P53 pathway.

Biography:

Dr. Estrella has completed her MD in 2005 from the University of California, San Diego School of Medicine. She completed her Anatomic pathology residency at New York Presbyterian – Weill Cornell Medical College in New York, NY, and Oncologic pathology fellowship and Gastrointestinal tract and Liver pathology fellowship at MD Anderson in Houston, TX. She is an associate professor at MD Anderson in the GI and Liver section. She is the primary investigator, co-primary investigator or collaborator in 6 institutional or national research grants. She has published 43 papers in peer-reviewed journals.

Abstract:

Pancreatic neuroendocrine neoplasms (PanNETs) are rare, representing approximately 3% of primary pancreatic neoplasms, although their incidence has risen sharply in the United States, increasing more than 100% over the past three decades. In the past, classification of PanNETs has been fraught with different nomenclature and multiple grading and staging systems. The 2010 WHO Classification of Tumours of the Digestive System and the 7th edition of AJCC Cancer Staging Manual have tried to address these issues, however, controversies still exist. This lecture will address the current grading and staging systems, issues encountered in everyday practice, clinical significance and future direction.

Biography:

Tomasz S. Tkaczyk received his MS and PhD degrees from the Institute of Micromechanics and Photonics, Warsaw University of Technology. Currently, he is an Associate Professor of Bioengineering and Electrical and Computer Engineering at Rice University. He joined Rice University in 2007 after his research at the University of Arizona. His research is in microscopy, endoscopy/in-vivo pathology, point of care systems, and spectroscopy. He has published 60+ per-reviewed communications. Dr. Tkaczyk is a fellow of OSA and SPIE, and recepient of number of professional awards including Paul F. Forman Engineering Excellence Award (OSA), Becton Dickinson Professional Achievement Award (AAMI).

Abstract:

Monitoring and diagnostics of many cancers like oral, cervical or esophageal adenocarcinoma often require multimodal approach to perform successful diagnostics. Both morphological imaging and spectral assessment are important tools used in these applications. When, used separately, either method cannot easily achieve both high sensitivity and specificity in vivo. On the other hand if combined and working in tandem they can significantly improve the diagnostic performance. Therefore this presentation focuses on analysis of multimodal approaches/instrumentation for early in vivo cancer detection. Two groups of devices will be discussed: (1) miniature-integrated imaging microscopes (endomicroscopes) to provide morphological content and (2) multi and hyperspectral high speed systems to obtain bio-chemical signatures of the tissue. Practical aspects of multi-modal system integration, performance and parameters (field of view and resolution of individual sub-systems) will be discussed together with the design considerations to optimize its effectiveness. Number of imaging methods will be presented including (for morphological assessment): contact imaging, confocal, structure illumination, and multi-photon imaging and (in area of spectral detection) narrow band imaging (NBI), image mapping spectrometry IMS, array snapshot systems in number of cancer applications (including for example oral, cervical, and esophageal adenocarcinoma).

Biography:

Dalia Abouelfadl has completed her MD at the age of 32 years from Cairo University and postdoctoral studies from Westminster University School of biomedical sciences, London, UK. She is a member of Pathology Department of the Medical Division of National Research Center, a premier Research organization. she has published more than 10 papers in reputed journals.

Abstract:

Breast cancers are heterogeneous in their morphology, clinical course and response to therapy. New therapeutic targets are needed in breast cancer. The Met tyrosine kinase receptor activates cell proliferation, survival, invasion and angiogenesis and has found a strong relationship between high HGF/Met signaling and tumor progression. The biologic roles of Androgen receptors (AR) in the breast are incompletely understood since it is unclear whether the effects of androgens on breast cells are predominantly proliferative or anti-proliferative.

The purpose of this study is to determine the prognostic value of MET and AR expression in breast cancer patients with ER negative receptor.

Histologic sections from 60 cases of ER negative breast cancer including different subtypes and grades of breast cancer  were evaluated using immunohistochemistry with Androgen  and  Met then  evaluated compared to  ER, PR, HER-2, using a standard avidin–biotin–peroxidase system.

Results:  Out of the 60 breast cancers, 54 (90%) are positive for AR and 52 (86%) are positive for Met.  There was a significant positive correlation between AR with tumor type, multicentricity and Her 2 (P<0.005). Met scores were significantly increased in patients nodal stage, DCIS and HER2 (P<0.005).

Conclusions: There is a significant correlation between the Met and AR scores and the clinicopathological prognostic parameters.  The levels of AR and Met expression were relatively high as most studies stated. The activation of Met signaling pathway plays an important role in tumour-genesis of breast cancers and the patients might benefit from drug therapy targeting Met in cases showing expression of such receptor.

Biography:

Claudio Luchini, MD, is a surgical pathologist with expertise in the field of next-generation sequencing and of systematic review with meta-analysis. He has studied in Italy (Verona University) and also in USA at Indiana University and at Johns Hopkins University School of Medicine. With next-generation sequencing, he has published some important works, for example in Journal of Clinical Oncology. With the tool of meta-analysis he has highlighted the prognostic role of the presence of extra-nodal extension of nodal metastasis in several cancer types, like colorectal and breast cancer. The main goals of his research is to find morphological and molecular markers for early diagnosis of tumors or to better stratify cancer prognosis.

Abstract:

Extranodal extension of nodal metastasis (ENE) is defined as the spread of a lymph node metastasis into surrounding soft tissue. Through this mechanism, neoplastic cells increase their capacity of local invasiveness as well as of intravascular invasion for distant metastasization. Although the TNM staging system acknowledges the importance of ENE in few cancer types (e.g. squamous cell carcinoma of vulva and of head and neck), no comprehensive studies have analyzed the prognostic impact of this parameter in these and in other solid malignancies. With the tool of meta-analysis, we demonstrated that ENE+ carried a significantly higher risk of all-cause mortality, cance- specific mortality and of recurrence in many cancer types, including gastrointestinal and breast tumors. ENE is a parameter very simple to be addressed by a pathologist and also very significant. Since it has been demonstrated as important in influencing the prognosis of patients with different cancer types, pathologists should document its eventual presence in their final pathology report, and future staging systems should taken ENE into account for a better stratification of patients’ prognosis.

Biography:

Dr. Anita Huttner started her career as  MD at the University of Erlangen-Nurnberg, Germany on 1998. she has worked as the clinical fellow at Yale Medical School - Yale-New Haven Hospital & Harvard Medical School - Brigham and Women's Hospital and Childrens' Hospital. She has completed her Pre-/Postdoctoral fellow from National Institutes of Health. Currently, she is working as the Associate Professor of Pathology, Yale University School of Medicine, USA

Abstract:

Background: Progress in our understanding of somatic cell reprogramming, particularly the isolation and characterization of human induced pluripotent stem cells (iPSCs) opened new avenues for modeling human disease.  IPSCs allow the generation of large numbers of genetically modifiable cells specific to the underlying human genetic background, and form an unparalleled opportunity to gain new insight into disease pathophysiology. This will further lay the foundation for the development of patient specific pharmacological assays and/or stem cell based therapies.  We focused on Walker Warburg Syndrome (WWS), a rare and severe form of lissencephaly paired with congenital muscular dystrophy.  Most children die before the age of three years. Several genes have been implicated in the etiology of this syndrome, however, to this date the pathogenesis is poorly understood. In addition, none of the animal models appears to faithfully reflect the human condition. Patient derived IPSCs, however, allow the targeted differentiation of cells into tissue specific phenotypes of brain and muscle, and thus provide an assay for the recapitulation of disease specific pathophysiology.

Design: IPSC lines were derived from skin biopsy specimens of patients with WWS and normal age matched controls. The generation of iPSCs followed established protocols using nucleofection (Amaxa system) of episomal plasmids expressing OCT3/4, SHp53, SOX2, KLF4, LIN28, and MYC.  The cells were grown in culture and differentiated into all lineages of the human brain. Furthermore, since one of the hallmark features of lissencephaly is altered neuronal activity, this system form a unique opportunity to monitor electrical activity of iPSC derived neurons.

Result: Directed differentiation of iPSCs into neuronal precursors was demonstrated in vitro with antibodies for CNS phenotypes, like GFAP, TUJ1, Tbr1/2.  Furthermore, neuronal activity was monitored with ultrasensitive fluorescent protein calcium sensors (GCaMP6) and showed altered neuronal activity in neurons derived from patients versus normal controls.

Conclusion: This model allows the phenotypic recapitulation of complex neurogenetic traits, and provides insights into the pathophysiology of human forms of malformations of cortical development. The combination of technologies offers a unique opportunity to model human neurological disease and hold promise for the development of new treatment strategies.help this recognition.

Biography:

Graciela Ghirardi Awarded by the Council of Physicians of the Province of Córdoba. Certification for life, February 22, 2013 as “Specialist in Pathological Anatomy”. She was the Head of Pathology Anatomy at Hospital Córdoba Hospital for 13 years and she served as the President Gremial Hospital Córdoba for 3 Periods. She has Publication in book Poems "Sendas" in the year 2009.

Abstract:

Introduction: The term AIM was coined in 1983 to describe a squamous proliferation of the cervical transformation zone and glands associated with abnormal cytology and colposcopic findings. This condition may be a precursor of HPV integration. This subject is controversial because its biological and clinical significance are not well defined. Colposcopy suffers from the same diagnostic difficulties than Cytology and Pathology. The effect of gene inactivation in the cervical epithelium was investigated for the overexpression of p16 protein by Immunohistochemistry (IHC), which results in the loss of activation of Rb by the E7 protein of high-risk HPV.

Objective: demostration use of biological markers, such as p16 and Ki67, which can be useful when diagnosing lesions with AIM.

Material And Methods: A descriptive study of the IHC expression of p16 and Ki67 in 60 formalin-fixed paraffin-embedded cervical biopsies obtained from the private archive of a Pathology Laboratory, was conducted.

Results: Negative cases for both p16 and Ki67 represented 69% of HPV lesions without dysplasia, whereas high-grade lesions (CIN III) were 100% positive for both p16 as Ki67. CIN I lesions were positive in 64% of the cases for both markers, and the rest were negative. CIN II lesions scored higher for p16 positivity, yielding positive results in 54% of the cases and 14% for Ki67.

Conclusions: MIA is a complex entity can be associated with HSIL. The similarities between the MIA and LSIL could be considered a form of LSIL. p16 is a marker for HPV-induced dysplasia. We suggest cautious behavior, for the sake of diagnostic accuracy. Considering the increased incidence of cervical carcinoma and its relationship to HPV, we deem useful to use biological markers such as p16 and Ki67, that may allow to determine the possible progression of SIL to invasive carcinoma as more economical tool that may be more in tune with the socio-economic reality of Latin America and cost-effective, when compared to other more expensive techniques.

Biography:

Dr Hartel is Consultant Histopathologist, Sligo University Hospital, Ireland and holds faculty appointment with West Virginia University and National University of Ireland. Dr Hartel trained in pathology at West Virginia University and fellowship in pulmonary pathology at Armed Forces Institute of Pathology, Washington DC. He is active in teaching and research and has many speaker invitations nationally/internationally. He has served numerous editorial boards and law firms as expert witness. Dr Hartel is Diplomate of American Board of Pathology and Fellow, Faculty of Pathology Royal College of Physicians in Ireland, College of American Pathologists and American Society of Clinical Pathology.

Abstract:

Aims: We present 19 cases of primary undifferentiated high grade sarcoma of the breast (previously termed pleomorphic malignant fibrous histiocytoma; MFH), the largest series to date, and compare our results with those in the literature to better define MFH in this anatomic location.

Methods and Results: Twenty-seven cases (MFH, myxofibrosarcoma, or pleomorphic sarcoma NOS) were reviewed using WHO and FNCLCC criteria.  Inclusion required location within breast parenchyma without extensive chest wall involvement. Morphologic features were recorded and immunohistochemistry applied. Clinical data were extracted from patients’ medical records. Clinically, there was one male patient. Five of fifteen (33% overall) patients with follow-up died of disease within an average of 7 months following diagnosis. Distant metastases and older patient age were associated with poor survival. Storiform-pleomorphic subtype was most common (10/19) with myxofibrosarcoma (6/19) and giant cell subtype (1/19) also observed. Unique lymphocyte-rich (1/19) and pleomorphic hyalinizing angiectatic tumor (PHAT)-like (1/19) morphologies are presented. Immunohistochemistry demonstrated expression of CD68 (71%), focal smooth muscle actin (36%), with rare focal ER and PR  immunoreactivity. All cases were negative for CD34, S100 protein, desmin 33, and keratins, including CK7, CK20, CK5/6 and CK18.

Conclusions: MFH occurs as a primary lesion in breast parenchyma. Attention to morphologic detail and immunohistochemistry avoids misdiagnosis. Entrapped breast ductal epithelium should not be misinterpreted as the epithelial component of a biphasic tumor. A florid lymphoid response should not be confused with metaplastic carcinoma. PHAT-like features may be observed in MFH.  Our study confirms the presence of MFH in breast and presents unique morphologic observations of primary breast MFH.

Biography:

Peter Stoemmer has studied medicin at the university of Erlangen-Nuremberg, Germany and completed his MD, PhD  and  specialisation as general pathologist (including cytopathology and molecular pathology) at the age of 36 years)  from Friedrich Alexander University Erlangen; after  postdoctoral studies from Yale  University School of Medicine in the laboratory of Juan Rosai and the supervision of A.B.            

 He is the director and partner of Pathologie Augsburg, an independent Laboratory for surgical Pathology. He is senior lecturer and professor at the institute of pathology at the Friedrich Alexander university and  published more than 125 papers in journals

Abstract:

A 29-year old patient was referred to the medical clinics of ZK Augsburg; he complained of  bilateral rather indolent asymmetric enlargement of his breasts: the left mamma being larger. Few small nodal consistences in the left breast was palpated; no nipple discharges were found. Ultrasonics and mammography showed a gynecomastia without features of a malignant tumor.

Anamnestically, the patient practiced bodybuilding (and denied the use of androgenic steroidal anabolics); erectile functions were normal; undescended testes were corrected by surgery in childhood., the left testis was atrophic.

Hormonal studies showed testosteron in the high-normal range and his estradiol  and  HCG were elevated, while the gonadotropins were suppressed; normal fetoprotein.

Cranial MRI and Chest-CT-Scan were normal; the bladderwall in abdominal CT  thickened.

Cystoscopy, performed due to painless macrohematuria showed a small unifocal papillary tumor in  the bladderwall followed by transurethral resection.

Histology:  Multiple particles of a soft, grey focal hemorrhagic tissue together 0.5g with up to 10 layers of atypical urothelia; some preserved umbrella cells.No invasion into the muscularis. IHC: ectopic expression of HCG.

Diagnosis: Papillary urothelial carcinoma of the bladder with no invasion into the lamina propria (pTa G1 cN0 cM0)      

In the following weeks, HCG was no longer detectable, his sex hormones returned to normal, and gynecomastia completely regressed.

HCG-producing tumors of the bladder are known since 1904 (1),  but these were ectopic choriocarcinomas. In our case, the tumorcells are typical urothelia with ectopic HCG-production; we assume that this is the cause of estrogen- induced  proliferation of  male mammary glands.

Biography:

Rana Ezzeddini is a PhD student in Clinical Biochemistry at Tarbiat Modares University. She received her master degree in Clinical Biochemistry, as well. Her main research interest is clinical laboratory trials, with a focus on addressing biochemical questions for cancer and genetic deficienses.

Abstract:

Background: Gastric adenocarcinoma has been known as one of the virulent diseases with weak prognosis. New findings of gastric cancers according to histologic features and molecular phenotypes improve early diagnosis, prevention and treatment. Hypoxia inducible factor 1α (HIF1α) are expressed in some human cancers and were previously suspected of promoting tumor growing and poor patient outcome. The objective of this study is to investigate the expression of HIF1α protein in adenocarcinoma tissues. 

Materials & Methods: We selected 105 gastric cancer patients and 130 healthy control with the age range of 30-80 in order to carry out this study. The ethical committee of Tarbiat Modares University (Tehran, Iran) authorized this study. The study was explained to the participants and Informed consent was obtained from all individuals. Formalin-fixed, paraffin wax-embedded sections were cut at approximately 5 μm. Immunohistochemical staining for HIF1α were performed in all samples. Image J software was used for microscopic investigation and comparing the outcomes. We used t test for data analysis. P values less than 0.05 was considered as statistically significant difference in all cases.

Results: Our findings indicated significant upregulation of HIF1α expression in gastric adenocarcinoma tissues (0.25±0.07) compare to control group (0.18±0.04) ( P = 0.0001).

Conclusion: As a result, the present study suggested that increased HIF1α were involved in progression of gastric adenocarcinoma cells that can be used for distinguished classification.

Keywords: Gastric adenocarcinoma, Immunohistochemistry, HIF1α